Clinical presentation of the first demyelinating event in pediatrics / [Presentación clínica de primer evento desmielinizante en pediatría.]

Introduction: Isolated Clinical Syndrome (ACS) refers to the first clinical event with characteristics suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). Clinical case: We report the case of a previously healthy 8-year-old male patient hospitalized for altered gait with suspicion of transverse myelitis. Spinal MRI was performed showing evidence of hyperintense D3-D5 lesion in T2. He receives treatment with intravenous corticosteroid therapy and with the result of oligoclonal bands in serum and CSF, a diagnosis of ACS is made. Conclusion: The objective is to describe a rare form of manifestation of demyelinating disease in pediatric age and to assess the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment.

Introducción: El síndrome Clínico Aislado (SCA) hace referencia al primer evento clínico con características sugestivas de esclerosis múltiple (EM). Caso clínico: Se comunica el caso de un paciente masculino de 8 años previamente sano internado por alteración de la marcha con sospecha de mielitis transversa. Se realiza RMN medular donde se evidencia lesión en D3-D5 hiperintensa en T2. Recibe tratamiento con corticoterapia endovenosa y con resultado de bandas oligoclonales en suero y LCR se realiza diagnóstico de SCA. Conclusión: El objetivo es describir una forma poco frecuente de manifestación de enfermedad desmielinizante en la edad pediátrica y valorar la importancia del diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.

Piomiositis en pediatría: experiencia de 10 años en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad en Argentina

Introducción: La piomiositis es una infección bacteriana agudasubaguda del músculo esquelético. Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia de piomiositis en pacientes internados, describir e identificar factores de riesgo para bacteriemia y hospitalización, y evaluar diferencias entre Staphylococccus aureus sensible y resistente a meticilina (SASM y SARM). Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional, con pacientes de 1 mes a 18 años de edad, internados entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y 31 de diciembre de 2018. Variables: sexo, edad, hacinamiento en el hogar, existencia de lesión previa, estacionalidad, localización anatómica e imágenes, antibioterapia previa, estadio clínico, parámetros de laboratorio, cultivos y antibiograma, días de tratamiento intravenoso (IV), de internación, de fiebre y bacteriemia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 188 pacientes. Incidencia: 38,9 casos / 10.000 admisiones (IC95 % 33,7 - 44,9). Días de internación y tratamiento IV: 11 (RQ 8-15 y RQ 8-14, respectivamente). El desarrollo de bacteriemia se asoció a PCR elevada (p = 0,03) y fiebre prolongada (p < 0,001). No hubo diferencias en la evolución y parámetros de laboratorio entre SASM y SARM. La leucocitosis (p = 0,004), neutrofilia (p = 0,005) y bacteriemia (p = 0,001) se asociaron a mayor estadía hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Este estudio recaba la experiencia de más de 10 años de niños internados con diagnóstico de piomiositis y proporciona información sobre sus características. Se describen parámetros asociados a bacteriemia y estadía hospitalaria.

Background: Pyomyositis is an acute-subacute bacterial infection of skeletal muscle. Aim: To estimate the incidence of pyomyositis in hospitalized patients, describe and identify risk factors for bacteremia and hospitalization, and evaluate differences between MSSA and MRSA. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective, observational study with patients aged 1 month to 18 years hospitalized between January, 1, 2008 and December 1, 2018. Variables: sex, age, home overcrowding, previous injury, seasonality, anatomical location and images, previous antibiotherapy, clinical stage, laboratory, cultures and antibiogram, days of intravenous (IV) treatment, hospitalization, fever and bacteremia. Results: 188 patients were included. Incidence: 38.9 cases/10,000 admissions (95% CI 33.7 - 44.9). Days of hospitalization and IV treatment: 11 (RQ 8-15 and RQ 8-14, respectively). The development of bacteremia was associated with elevated CRP (p = 0.03) and prolonged fever (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the evolution and laboratory parameters between MSSA and MRSA. Leukocytosis (p = 0.004), neutrophilia (p = 0.005), and bacteremia (p = 0.001) were associated with a longer hospital stay. Conclusions: This study collects the experience of more than 10 years of hospitalized children diagnosed with pyomyositis and provides information on its characteristics. Parameters associated with bacteremia and hospital stay are described.

[Celiac crisis and acute tetany in pediatrics. Case report]. / Crisis celíaca y tetania aguda en pediatría. Reporte de un caso.

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated systemic disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. The term celiac crisis describes the acute and potentially fatal form. Clinically it is characterized by severe diarrhea, dehydration, and metabolic disturbances. The case of a 7-year-old male patient attending the ward with tetany, lower limb edema, steatorrhea and weight loss of 8 months of evolution is reported, with analytical findings of hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia and coagulopathy. The diagnosis of celiac crisis was made on the basis of serological and clinical findings compatible with celiac disease in the context of severe metabolic abnormalities and acute malnutrition, later confirmed by pathological anatomy. The importance of this report lies in reviewing the characteristics of this serious entity, which requires a high index of suspicion for its diagnosis.